Glossary​

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Complete the questionnaire

 

This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor recognize patterns that may point to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). It’s meant to support—not replace—your conversations with your doctor. There are no wrong answers, and it’s okay if you’re not sure about some. What matters is sharing what you’ve noticed. See moreI understand

Has this person's seizures continued even though they have tried 2 or more antiseizure medications (ASMs) to control seizures?
Does this person have 2 or more types of seizures?(eg, tonic, generalized tonic-clonic, atypical absence, myoclonic, focal aware, impaired awareness seizures)
Did this person’s seizures begin before the age of 18?
Does this person use or have they ever used a helmet because they fall when they have a seizure? Have they injured their head, face, or teeth due to a seizure?
Glossary/Tab/Desktop

Go to the seizure library to learn about specific seizure terms.

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Autism
  • A neurodevelopmental disorder that can exhibit characteristics such as deficits in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests 
  • Autism is more common in males than females, with an estimated ratio of around 3:1 
Cerebral palsy
  • A neuromotor disorder caused by an injury to the developing brain before or shortly following birth 
  • Development of movement, muscle tone, and posture can be affected 
Developmental delays
  • Refers to when a child does not achieve developmental milestones in comparison to peers of the same age range 
  • Examples include lack of engagement with age-appropriate toys, speech delays, or other delays identified by a doctor 
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
  • A diagnostic test that measures electrical activity in the brain using small electrodes attached to the scalp 
  • It is commonly used to detect abnormalities related to epilepsy and other neurological disorders 
Epileptologist
  • A neurologist who has undergone specific training in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy 
  • Epileptologists focus on the management of patients with epilepsy 
Genetic mutation
  • A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene 
  • Some genetic mutations are hereditary, while others occur spontaneously 
  • Certain mutations are linked to specific medical conditions, including some forms of epilepsy 
Immune disorders
  • Disorders that result from a dysfunction in the immune system, which may be overactive or underactive 
  • Some immune disorders are thought to contribute to the development of epilepsy and other neurological conditions 
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)
  • Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a rare form of epilepsy that usually begins in childhood and is associated with multiple kinds of seizures
Metabolic disorders
  • A group of disorders that affect the body's ability to convert food into energy 
  • These disorders can be genetic and may lead to a variety of health issues, including developmental delays and neurological symptoms 
Neurologist
  • A medical specialist who diagnoses, manages, and treats disorders of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, nerves, neuromuscular junction, and muscles 
  • Neurologists often serve as the first point of contact for patients with neurological symptoms 
Paroxysmal fast rhythms
  • Paroxysmal fast rhythms, also known as generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA), are patterns of neural activity consisting of 8–26 Hz bursts of generalized rhythmic discharges 
  • Paroxysmal fast rhythms have traditionally been associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 
Refractory epilepsy
  • May also be referred to as “uncontrolled,” “intractable,” or “drug-resistant” epilepsy 
  • Occurs when a person has failed to become (and stay) seizure free with adequate trials of 2 appropriately selected antiseizure medications 
Refractory Epilepsy Screening Tool for LGS (REST-LGS)
  • A questionnaire-based tool developed by experts to improve both the identification and treatment of patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)
  • Helps providers to assess the likelihood that a patient has LGS based on four major symptoms and four minor features commonly associated with LGS 
Slow spike-wave pattern (SSW)
  • Refers to a pattern seen on an electroencephalogram (EEG) characterized by slow, high-amplitude spike-and-wave discharges 
  • This pattern is often associated with specific types of epilepsy, including Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)
  • Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic condition characterized by the development of noncancerous tumors that may cause a range of symptoms, including seizures